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Abduction (Logic) --- Logic --- Reasoning --- Syllogism

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This book examines three areas in which abductive reasoning is especially important: medicine, science, and law. The reader is introduced to abduction and shown how it has evolved historically into the framework of conventional wisdom in logic. Discussions draw upon recent techniques used in artificial intelligence, particularly in the areas of multi-agent systems and plan recognition, to develop a dialogue model of explanation. Cases of causal explanations in law are analyzed using abductive reasoning, and all the components are finally brought together to build a new account of abd

Reasoning. --- Abduction (Logic) --- Logic --- Reasoning --- Syllogism --- Argumentation --- Ratiocination --- Reason --- Thought and thinking --- Judgment (Logic)

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Relational inferences are a well-known problem for Aristotelian logic. This book charts the development of thinking about this anomaly, from the beginnings of the Arabic logical tradition in the tenth century to the end of the nineteenth. Based in large part on hitherto unstudied manuscripts and rare books, the study shows that the problem of relational inferences was vigorously debated in the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. In the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Ottoman logicians (writing in Arabic) came to recognize relational inferences as a distinct kind of 'unfamiliar syllogism' and began to investigate their logic. These findings show that the development of Arabic logic did not - as is often supposed - come to an end in the fourteenth century. On the contrary, Arabic logic was still being developed by critical and fecund reflections as late as the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Syllogism --- Islamic philosophy --- Inference. --- Syllogisme --- Philosophie islamique --- Inférence (Logique) --- History. --- Histoire --- Inference --- History --- Islamic philosophy -- History. --- Syllogism -- History. --- Philosophy --- Philosophy & Religion --- Logic --- Inférence (Logique) --- Ampliative induction --- Induction, Ampliative --- Inference (Logic) --- Argumentation --- Reasoning --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Syllogism - History --- Islamic philosophy - History

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Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism

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The essays in this work focus on the theoretical significance of moral dilemmas. The contributors, many of them philosophers who have shaped the current debate, shed light on standing controversies in moral philosophy.

Decision making --- Dilemma. --- Ethics. --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Logic --- Syllogism --- Decision-making (Ethics) --- Ethics --- Moral and ethical aspects.